Human Rights (মানবাধিকার আইন)

Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948, the UDHR represents the foundational milestone proclamation in the history of human rights, articulating 30 universal, inalienable articles protecting every human being.

A core legally binding multilateral treaty committing state parties to respect the civil and political rights of individuals, including the right to life, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, electoral rights, and fair trial due process.

The multilateral treaty guaranteeing progressive realization of economic, social, and cultural rights, including rights to fair wages, safe working conditions, social security, adequate standard of living, shelter, healthcare, and free primary education.

A foundational human rights convention committing states to eliminate racial discrimination, racial segregation, and racist hate speech in all its forms, guaranteeing equality before the law regardless of race, color, or ethnic origin.

Often described as the international bill of rights for women, CEDAW defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end such discrimination in political, economic, social, and family life.

The international human rights treaty that aims to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment around the world, requiring states to take effective measures in any territory under their jurisdiction and forbidding extradition to countries where torture is likely (non-refoulement).

The preeminent human rights treaty recognizing that children (under 18) are human beings with distinct developmental rights, establishing four core principles: non-discrimination, best interests of the child, the right to survival and development, and the child's right to be heard.

A milestone human rights treaty intended to protect the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities, shifting disability discourse from medical charity to an empowered civil rights framework ensuring accessibility, legal capacity, and non-discrimination.

A key international human rights instrument that affirms that no exceptional circumstances whatsoever (whether a state of war, threat of war, or public emergency) may be invoked to justify enforced disappearance, requiring criminalization under domestic penal codes and the right to know the truth for victims' families.